The Children's Online Privacy Protection Act (COPPA) is a US federal law administered by the FTC that imposes strict requirements on websites and services directed at children under 13, or that knowingly collect personal data from children under 13. COPPA requires verifiable parental consent before collecting any personal data from a child, including cookies and device identifiers. COPPA is triggered by content designed for or attractive to children, or by actual knowledge that a visitor is under 13. FTC fines reach up to $51,744 per violation. Many consent management platforms include age-gate and child-safe consent flows specifically for COPPA compliance.